Para-cycling (or Paracycling) is the sport of cycling adapted for cyclists who have various disabilities. It is governed by the Union Cyclist Internationale (UCI). The sport consists of seven different events which include road and track races. The world’s elite para-cyclists compete at Worlds Championships, the Paralympic Games and the World Cup. There are three or four World Cups per year and a World Championships every year.
Para-cycling events consist of the following three road races and four track events:
ROAD:
Road race (men and women)
Individual time trial (men and women)
Handcycling relay
TRACK:
Tandem sprint (men and women)
Team sprint (men and women, mixed event)
500 m time trial (men and women) or kilometre time trial (men and women)
Individual pursuit (men and women)
Scratch race (men and women)
SPORT CLASSES:
Athletes with physical impairments either compete on handcycles, tricycles or bicycles. Athletes with a visual impairment compete on tandems with a sighted “pilot.”
HANDCYCLING:
There are 5 different sport classes for handcycling and lower numbers indicate a more severe activity limitation.
Cyclists in the sport classes H1-4 compete in a reclined position. While athletes competing in the H1 class have a complete loss of trunk and leg function and have limited arm function, e.g. because of spinal-cord injuries, athletes in the H4 class have no leg function but good trunk and arm function.
Cyclists in the H5 sport class sit on their knees and can thus use their arms and trunk to accelerate the handcycle. Athletes in this sport class might have leg amputations, paraplegia or mild to moderate athetosis or ataxia.
TRICYCLE:
Tricycle athletes are divided into two classes, T1 and T2. Due to impairments affecting their balance and co-ordination they ride a tricycle to increase stability. The sport class T1 is allocated to athletes with more significant co-ordination problems or loss of muscle power than athletes competing in sport class T2.
BICYCLE:
Athletes who are able to use a standard bicycle compete in the five sport classes C1-5. The sport class profiles include amputations, impaired muscle power or range of motion and also impairments affecting co-ordination, such as ataxia and athetosis. Sport class C1 is allocated to athletes with the most severe activity limitation, while the sport class C5 is allocated to athletes who meet the minimum impairment criteria.
For example, cyclists with a double below-the-knee amputation who use a prosthesis are likely to compete in the sport class C3, while an athlete with a below knee amputation and a prosthesis on one leg would compete in the sport class C4.
TANDEM:
Sport class TB
Cyclists with a visual impairment race tandem with a sighted cycler (pilot) in front. Cyclists in this sport class must meet the criteria as set out in the B3 profile:
B1: These athletes have a very low visual acuity and/ or no light perception.
B2: Athletes with a B2 sport class have a higher visual acuity than athletes competing in the B1 sport class and/ or a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius.
B3: Athletes with a B3 (or equivalent) sport class have the least severe visual impairment eligible for Paralympic sport. They have the highest visual acuity and/or a visual field of less than 20 degrees radius.
All B1, B2 and B3 athletes compete together in one event.
Sources
http://www.uci.ch/para-cycling/ucievents/event/uci-para-cycling-road-world-championship-nottwil-road-2015/50083/
https://www.uci.org/para-cycling/about-paracycling
https://www.paralympic.org/cycling/classification